Journal of Accounting Science

Factors Driving the Quality of Financial Reporting in Non-Financial Public Companies in Indonesia

2025-07-31T13:45:02+00:00

General Background: Financial reporting quality (FRQ) is critical to stakeholders, as it supports making informed economic decisions based on reliable corporate financial statements. Specific Background: The cases of fraudulent reporting committed by PT Garuda Indonesia Tbk (2019) and PT Asuransi Jiwasraya (2021) underscore the urgency to ensure financial statements reflect a true and fair view. Knowledge Gaps: Existing literature lacks a comprehensive approach that integrates various models and non-financial determinants, such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, in assessing FRQ. Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance mechanisms, financial leverage, audit quality, and ESG performance on FRQ, with firm size as a control variable. Methods: Using four regression models and multiple proxies for FRQ, this study adopts a robust empirical design. Results: Findings reveal mixed effects: corporate governance has a positive effect on FRQ in one model; audit quality shows no effect or is negative; financial leverage is insignificant; ESG performance varies from positive, negative, to no effect. Model 2 showed the highest explanatory power, supporting the relevance of ESG and governance to FRQs. Novelty: This study introduces a multi-model, multi-proxy framework and diversifies ESG measurement sources to enrich the depth of analysis. Implications: For practitioners, ESG engagement and governance compliance signal improved FRQ, guide investment and lending decisions and provide direction for future research.

Understanding Institutional Influences on MSMEs' Environmental Accounting Adoption

2025-07-31T13:51:23+00:00

General Background: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global agenda that demands the active involvement of all sectors, including micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). MSMEs make a significant contribution to economic growth; however, awareness and implementation of sustainability practices, particularly environmental accounting practices, remain relatively low. Specific Background: Previous studies have focused primarily on large companies, resulting in a limited understanding of the drivers (antecedents) of environmental accounting practices in MSMEs. Knowledge Gap: the need for a theoretical approach that can explain how institutional pressures (normative, coercive, and mimetic) can influence the environmental accounting behaviour of MSMEs. Objective: This study examines the antecedents of environmental accounting practices among MSME business actors to create a sustainable business. Methods: A qualitative approach was employed to analyze data on the direct and indirect drivers of the behavior of all MSMEs engaged in the food and beverage processing sector in East Java Province, as well as a sample of MSMEs in Lumajang District and Gresik District, to inform environmental accounting practices. Results: Provides empirical evidence on the direct and indirect drivers of the behaviour of MSMEs in ecological accounting practices. MSMEs in Indonesia achieve business sustainability through institutional mechanisms, driven by coercive, normative, and mimetic pressures. Novelty: This study explains the drivers of MSMEs' behaviour towards environmental accounting practices based on institutional theory mechanisms. Implication: This study suggests that MSMEs should adopt environmental accounting practices to promote sustainable development.

Corporate Factors Affecting Carbon Disclosure for SDG 13 in Indonesia

2025-07-31T14:38:09+00:00

General Background: Climate change, characterised by rising global temperatures, is a critical threat to sustainable development worldwide. Specific Background: In line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 (Climate Action), disclosure of carbon emissions is increasingly vital. Knowledge Gap: Despite the increasing emphasis on ESG reporting, there are still significant gaps in the specificity and consistency of carbon emissions disclosure among Indonesian companies. Objective: This study aims to analyse the impact of environmental performance, firm size, and financial distress on carbon emissions disclosure, with corporate governance measured through the proportion of independent commissioners as a moderator variable. Methods: Using a quantitative-causal research design, this study utilises secondary data from 47 energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2021 and 2023, with 141 firm-year observations. Data was analysed using Regression Analysis of Moderation (ARM). Results: The findings show that environmental performance and firm size have a positive influence on carbon emissions disclosure, while financial distress has a negative effect. Corporate governance moderates the relationship between environmental performance and disclosure, by weakening the relationship. Novelty: This study uniquely integrates the triple bottom line framework with advanced financial ratios and governance factors. Implications: The results of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers and investors to improve transparency and accountability in achieving Indonesia's climate commitments.

Artificial Intelligence and Data Mining in Detecting Financial Statement Fraud: A Systematic Literature Review

2025-07-31T14:46:16+00:00

General Background: Fraud in financial reporting significantly undermines stakeholder confidence and destabilises financial markets. Specific Background: The increasing complexity of financial data makes traditional fraud detection techniques inadequate, necessitating more sophisticated methods such as data mining and artificial intelligence (AI). Knowledge Gap: Despite the increasing adoption of AI in fraud detection, previous systematic literature reviews (SLRs) have generally focused narrowly on specific algorithms or data types, thus failing to provide a comprehensive assessment across multiple contexts. Objective: This study aims to critically evaluate the application of AI and data mining techniques in detecting financial statement fraud through a systematic literature review. Methods: A total of 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 were selected from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Emerald databases using predefined inclusion-exclusion criteria and analysed narratively. Results: The review identified that supervised learning algorithms, specifically Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), and XGBoost, were predominantly used, with XGBoost (96.94%) and LSTM (94.98%) showing the highest accuracy. Integration of financial and non-financial data improves detection stability. Novelty: In contrast to previous systematic reviews, this study offers a holistic synthesis covering algorithm types, structured and unstructured data, and diverse regional contexts. Implications: The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI in fraud detection and encourage further research on unsupervised learning and more in-depth utilisation of unstructured data

The Impact of Earnings Management and Distress on Tax Aggressiveness: The Role of Company Size

2025-07-31T14:53:57+00:00

General Background: Taxes are a critical source of national revenue and play a central role in maintaining economic stability, particularly in emerging economies such as Southeast Asia. The growing intensity of corporate tax planning practices has created challenges in ensuring effective tax collection. Specific Background: In Indonesia, corporations often perceive taxes as a financial burden, leading to strategic behaviors aimed at minimizing tax obligations. Such practices hinder the government's ability to achieve its fiscal targets. Knowledge Gap: Although prior studies have examined various determinants of tax aggressiveness, limited research has integrated earnings management, financial distress, and thin capitalisation into a single analytical framework, particularly considering the moderating role of firm size. Objective: This study investigates the influence of earnings management, financial distress, and thin capitalisation on corporate tax aggressiveness, while also exploring whether firm size moderates these relationships. Methods: The study employs panel data from 19 raw material companies in Indonesia over the 2018–2022 period (145 firm-year observations), using multiple regression analysis with EViews 12. Results: Earnings management and financial distress have a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness, whereas thin capitalisation does not. Firm size moderates the effects of earnings management and financial distress, but not thin capitalisation. Novelty: This research offers an integrated model that combines multiple financial dimensions to explain tax aggressiveness behavior. Implications: The findings provide strategic insights for policymakers and tax authorities to improve regulatory frameworks and strengthen oversight, especially in capital-intensive industries.

Social Accounting in Social Justice Morality in Islamic Banks

2025-07-31T15:03:49+00:00

General Background: Social issues such as poverty, wealth distribution, and social justice remain critical concerns in many countries. Specific Background: In this context, Islamic banks, particularly the 22 institutions operating in Southeast Asia, have the potential to apply social justice principles in their interactions with local communities. Knowledge Gaps: While previous studies have examined the commercialisation of Islamic banking, research exploring how these institutions integrate social justice into their operations is limited. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the social accounting practices of Islamic banks, focusing on disclosures that reflect a commitment to social justice. Methods: Using a qualitative approach, this study analyses data from annual reports and official websites to evaluate how Islamic banks implement social justice in the communities they serve. Results: The findings show that these banks seek to align their disclosures with Islamic spiritual and moral teachings, demonstrating an underlying narrative that emphasises ethical accountability and religious conformity. Novelty: This study contributes to the limited literature bridging Islamic religious values and the pursuit of social goals in financial institutions. Implications: A focus on the misalignment between religious values and banking ethics opens up opportunities for reform among Islamic banks and encourages deeper engagement from stakeholders concerned with ethical financial practices.

Ethical Dilemma of Tax Consultant in Husserl's Perspective

2025-07-31T13:53:34+00:00

General Background: Ethical awareness is very important for tax consultants in aligning client interests with compliance with tax regulations. Specific Background: In practice, tax consultants often face ethical dilemmas when clients demand aggressive tax saving strategies. Knowledge Gap: Despite the importance of ethical decision-making in tax practice, limited research has examined how tax consultants internally build ethical awareness using phenomenological methods. Objective: This study aims to explore how tax consultants perceive and navigate ethical dilemmas relating to professional responsibilities and client expectations. Methods: A qualitative approach based on Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology was used, with data collected through in-depth interviews involving three experienced tax consultants in Jakarta. Results: This study found that although clients often pressure consultants to engage in risky tax saving schemes, consultants' ethical awareness formed through education, professional experience, and technological support makes them resist unethical behaviour and opt for legitimate tax avoidance. Novelty: This research offers a novel contribution by applying Husserlian phenomenological concepts such as Noesis, Noema, Epoche, Intentional Analysis, and Eidetic Reduction to examine the internal processes that shape ethical decisions. Implications: The findings highlight the need to strengthen the code of ethics, increase collaboration with tax authorities, and integrate accountability-based technology to improve the ethical integrity of the tax consulting profession in Indonesia.

Acceptance of Accounting Information System of Cooperative Laboratory

2025-07-31T14:19:15+00:00

General Background: Accounting information system is an important tool for profit and non-profit organisations, which supports the preparation of financial statements that are critical for managerial decision making. Specific Background: In the domain of behavioural accounting, the emphasis is not only on recording financial transactions but also on understanding how human behaviour affects the interpretation and utilisation of accounting information. Knowledge Gaps: Previous research has identified limited or insignificant effects of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on users' interest and intensity in using accounting information systems, indicating a gap in understanding system adoption behaviour. Objective: This study aims to examine the influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, and intensity of use on the actual use of co-operative accounting information systems, and to assess user acceptance of such systems in financial reporting. Methods: This study used a quantitative approach with path analysis to evaluate the hypothesised relationships. Results: The findings showed significant positive effects among most of the variables, except for the insignificant effect of perceived ease of use on usage intensity. Novelty: This challenges the basic tenet of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which states that ease of use should drive usage behaviour. Implications: Improving perceived usefulness should be prioritised over simplicity to increase system adoption.